Aphidophagous ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and climate change: a review

I here review the potential effects of climate change on aphidophagous ladybirds and their future diversity. Aphidophagous face challenges arising directly from climatic indirect due to effect aphid prey other organisms with which they interact. Ladybirds show at least some respond changes through genetic or phenotypic plasticity, notably in colour pattern, dormancy voltinism but also thermal physiology microhabitat habitat plasticity. Phenological will likely occur many species relations prey. Changes abundance may lead ladybird associations over season. The tendency multiple insulate predators decline resulting particular aphids. Like insects, geographic ranges as track climate. This is evidenced by fossil record recent biogeography. Such be accompanied a degree phenological adaptation. It that cold-adapted island go extinct. Specialised threatened. A problem assessing threat latter minimal amount research carried out specialised species. In summary, exhibit resilience against change, overall biodiversity are not fully clear.